Odontoglossum, first named in 1816 by Karl Sigismund Kunth, is a genus of about 100 orchids. The scientific name is derived from the Greek words odon (tooth) and glossa (tongue), referring to the two tooth-like calluses on the base of the lip.
This genus of cool to cold growing orchids is to be found on open spots
in the humid cloud forest at higher elevations from Central- and West
South America to Guyana, with most species around the northern Andes. The abbreviation for this genus is Odm. in the horticultural trade.[1]
Most are sympodial epiphytes, or rarely terrestrials.
The pseudobulbs are compact with leaf-like bracts at the base. They give one to three apical leaves. An arching (and sometimes erect) inflorescence grows from its base. The ruffled sepals and petals of these spectacular flowers are spreading. The lip is rather complex, entire or with three lobes. It stands erect or parallel to the long column. The high altitude species show long inflorescences with up to 150 flowers (as in O. cirrhosum), while the lower altitude species have shorter inflorescences with up to 20 flowers. These flowers may be white, red, purple, brown, yellow, or even be blotched with a showy blend of many colors.
Many of these species are in great demand with orchid lovers because of their spectacular and flamboyant flowers.
The following list gives the presently accepted names. There are six subgenera : Erectolobata, Lindleyana, Nevadensia, Odontoglossum, Serratolaminata and Unguisepala.
xBeallara "Marfitch Howards Dream"
Most are sympodial epiphytes, or rarely terrestrials.
The pseudobulbs are compact with leaf-like bracts at the base. They give one to three apical leaves. An arching (and sometimes erect) inflorescence grows from its base. The ruffled sepals and petals of these spectacular flowers are spreading. The lip is rather complex, entire or with three lobes. It stands erect or parallel to the long column. The high altitude species show long inflorescences with up to 150 flowers (as in O. cirrhosum), while the lower altitude species have shorter inflorescences with up to 20 flowers. These flowers may be white, red, purple, brown, yellow, or even be blotched with a showy blend of many colors.
Many of these species are in great demand with orchid lovers because of their spectacular and flamboyant flowers.
Species
This genus used to contain more than 400 species. Many have now been reclassified in other genera such as Amparoa, Aspasia, Cochlioda, Cuitlauzina, Cyrtochilum, Gomesa, Lemboglossum, Mesoglossum, Miltonia, Miltonioides, Oliveriana, Oncidium, Osmoglossum, Otoglossum, Rhynchostele, Rossioglossum and Ticoglossum. This new genera occurred outside the Andes in different climatological habitats.The following list gives the presently accepted names. There are six subgenera : Erectolobata, Lindleyana, Nevadensia, Odontoglossum, Serratolaminata and Unguisepala.
- Odontoglossum alberti P.Ortiz 2005 (Colombia)
- Odontoglossum alvarezii P.Ortiz 2001 (Colombia)
- Odontoglossum Anna Claire
- Odontoglossum ariasii Dalström 2001 (Peru)
- Odontoglossum armatum Rchb.f. 1876 : Armed Odontoglossum (Ecuador)
- Odontoglossum aspidorhinum F.Lehm. 1895 : Shield-leather Odontoglossum (Colombia to Ecuador)
- Odontoglossum astranthum Linden & Rchb.f. 1867 (Ecuador to Peru)
- Odontoglossum aurarium (Rchb.f.) Garay, 1970 (Bolivia)
- Odontoglossum auriculatum Rolfe 1892 (Colombia)
- Odontoglossum blandum Rchb.f. 1870 : Charming Odontoglossum (Ecuador to Peru)
- Odontoglossum boddaertianum Rchb.f. 1888 (Venezuela)
- Odontoglossum callacallaense D.E.Benn. & Christenson 2001 (Peru)
- Odontoglossum Cambria
- Odontoglossum cirrhosum Lindl. 1833 : Wavy Odontoglossum (Colombia to Ecuador)(sometimes terrestrial)
- Odontoglossum constrictum Lindl. 1843 : Constricted Odontoglossum (Venezuela)
- Odontoglossum contaypacchaense D.E.Benn. & Christenson, 2001 (Peru)
- Odontoglossum crinitum Rchb.f. 1874 : Hairy Odontoglossum (Colombia to Ecuador)
- Odontoglossum crispum Lindl. 1845 : Curled Odontoglossum (Colombia)
- Odontoglossum cristatellum Rchb.f. 1878 (Colombia to Ecuador)
- Odontoglossum cristatellum subsp. cristatellum (Colombia to Ecuador)
- Odontoglossum cristatellum subsp. lehmannii Rchb.f. Bockemühl 1989 (Colombia to Ecuador)
- Odontoglossum cristatum Lindl. in G.Bentham 1845 : Comb-Like Odontoglossum (Ecuador to Peru) (occasionally terrestrial)
Odontoglossum cristatum - Odontoglossum crocidipterum Rchb.f., 1871 : Saffron-yellow Two-winged Odontoglossum (Colombia to Venezuela)
- Odontoglossum crocidipterum subsp. crocidipterum (Colombia)
- Odontoglossum crocidipterum subsp. dormanianum (Rchb.f.) Bockemühl 1989 (Venezuela)
- Odontoglossum cruentum Rchb.f., 1873 : Blood-red Odontoglossum (Ecuador to Peru)
- Odontoglossum depauperatum Kraenzl. 1906 (Peru)
- Odontoglossum digitatum C.Schweinf. 1945 : Fingered Odontoglossum (Peru)
- Odontoglossum dormanianum Rchb.f., 1884 (Colombia to Venezuela)
- Odontoglossum dracoceps Dalström 1999 (Bolivia)
- Odontoglossum epidendroides Kunth in F.W.H.von Humboldt, A.J.A.Bonpland & C.S.Kunth 1816 : Epidendrum-like Odontoglossum (Ecuador to Peru)
- Odontoglossum gloriosum Linden & Rchb.f. 1854 : Glorious Odontoglossum (Colombia)
- Odontoglossum gramazuense D.E.Benn. & Christenson, 2001 (Peru)
- Odontoglossum hallii Lindl. 1837 : Hall's Odontoglossum (Colombia to Ecuador) (occasionally terrestrial)
- Odontoglossum harryanum Rchb.f., 1886 : Harry's Odontoglossum (Ecuador to Peru) (after Harry Veitch)
- Odontoglossum hauensteinii Königer 1994 (Bolivia)
- Odontoglossum helgae Königer 1997 (Ecuador)
- Odontoglossum heterosepalum (Rchb.f.) Garay, 1978 (Venezuela)
- Odontoglossum hrubyanum Rchb.f. 1888 (Peru)
- Odontoglossum juninense Schltr. 1921 : Junin Odontoglossum (Ecuador to Peru)
- Odontoglossum kegeljani E.Morren, 1877 : Kegel's Odontoglossum (Ecuador to Peru)
- Odontoglossum krameri Rchb.f. 1868 (Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama)
Odontoglossum krameri - Odontoglossum lindleyanum Rchb.f. & Warsz. 1854 : Lindley's Odontoglossum (Venezuela to Ecuador)
- Odontoglossum llanachagaense D.E.Benn. & Christenson 2001 (Peru)
- Odontoglossum lucianum Rchb.f. 1886 : Lucien's Odontoglossum (Venezuela)
- Odontoglossum luteopurpureum Lindl. 1846 (Colombia)
- Odontoglossum machupicchuense D.E.Benn. & Christenson 2001 (Peru)
- Odontoglossum mapiriense Mansf. 1934 (Bolivia)
- Odontoglossum micklowii Dalström 1993 (Bolivia)
- Odontoglossum mirandum Rchb.f. 1882 : Grand Odontoglossum (Colombia to Ecuador)
Odontoglossum mirandum - Odontoglossum multistellare Rchb.f. 1876 : Many-starred Odontoglossum (Peru)
- Odontoglossum naevium Lindl. 1850 : Spotted Odontoglossum (Colombia to Guyana)
- Odontoglossum nevadense Rchb.f. 1870 : The High Mountain Odontoglossum (Colombia to Venezuela)
- Odontoglossum nobile Rchb.f. 1850 : Grand Odontoglossum (Colombia)
- Odontoglossum odoratum Lindl., 1846 : Fragrant Odontoglossum (Colombia to Venezuela)
- Odontoglossum platynaris Dalström 2001 (Peru)
- Odontoglossum portillae Bockemühl 1985 (Ecuador)
- Odontoglossum portmannii Bockemühl, 1988 (Colombia, Ecuador, Peru)
- Odontoglossum portmannii subsp. cohrsiae Bockemühl 1988 (Colombia)
- Odontoglossum portmannii subsp. portmannii (Ecuador to Peru)
- Odontoglossum portmannii Bockemühl, 1988 (Colombia, Ecuador, Peru)
- Odontoglossum povedanum P.Ortiz 1997 (Colombia)
- Odontoglossum praenitens Rchb.f. 1875 (Colombia)
- Odontoglossum praestans Rchb.f. & Warsz., 1854 (Colombia, Ecuador, Peru)
- Odontoglossum pseudomelanthes D.E.Benn. & Christenson, 2001 (Peru)
- Odontoglossum reversum Bockemühl 1986 (Colombia to Ecuador)
- Odontoglossum rhynchanthum Rchb.f. 1887 : Beak-flowered Odontoglossum (Colombia)
- Odontoglossum rubrocallosum D.E.Benn. & Christenson, 2001 (Peru)
- Odontoglossum sanderianum Rchb.f., 1881 (Colombia to Venezuela)
- Odontoglossum sceptrum Rchb.f. & Warsz. 1854 (Colombia)
- Odontoglossum sceptrum var. facetum (Rchb.f.) Bockemühl, 1989 (Colombia)
- Odontoglossum sceptrum var. sceptrum (Colombia)
- Odontoglossum schillerianum Rchb.f. 1854 (Venezuela)
- Odontoglossum spectatissimum Lindl. 1852 (Venezuela to Ecuador)
- Odontoglossum subuligerum Rchb.f. 1876 (Peru)
- Odontoglossum tenue Cogn. 1895 : Delicate Odontoglossum (Ecuador to Peru)
- Odontoglossum tenuifolium Dalström 1996 : Delicate-leafed Odontoglossum(Bolivia)
- Odontoglossum tripudians Rchb.f. & Warsz. 1854 (Colombia) (occasionally terrestrial)
- Odontoglossum velleum Rchb.f., 1874 (Ecuador to Peru)
- Odontoglossum vierlingii Senghas 2000 (Bolivia)
- Odontoglossum 'Violetta Von Holm'
- Odontoglossum wallisii Linden & Rchb.f., 1870 (Colombia to Venezuela)
- Odontoglossum wyattianum Gurney Wilson 1928 : Wyatt's Odontoglossum (Peru)
Natural hybrids
- Odontoglossum × acuminatissimum Rchb.f. 1882 (O. cristatum × O. lindleyanum) (Colombia)
- Odontoglossum × adrianae L.Linden 1879 (O. nobile × O. luteopurpureum) (Colombia)
- Odontoglossum × andersonianum Rchb.f. 1868 (O. crispum × O. gloriosum) (Colombia to Venezuela)
- Odontoglossum × brandtii Kraenzl. & Wittm., G 1889 (O. cirrhosum × O. nobile) (Colombia)
- Odontoglossum × cookianum Rolfe, 1891 (O. sanderianum × O. spectatissimum) (Colombia)
- Odontoglossum × coradinei Rchb.f. 1872 (O. crispum × O. lindleyanum) (Colombia)
- Odontoglossum × dicranophorum Rchb.f., 1888 (O. lindleyanum × O. spectatissimum) (Colombia)
- Odontoglossum × elegans Rchb.f. 1879 (O. cirrhosum × O. cristatum) (Ecuador)
- Odontoglossum × excellens Rchb.f. 1881 (O. nobile × O. spectatissimum) (Colombia)
- Odontoglossum × godseffianum Rolfe, 1894 (O. auriculatum × O. spectatissimum) (Colombia)
- Odontoglossum × hennisii Rolfe, 1894 (O. kegeljani × O. tenue) (Peru)
- Odontoglossum × hinnus Rchb.f., 1870 (O. hallii × O. cirrhosum) (Ecuador)
- Odontoglossum × kraenzlinii O'Brien, 1893 (O. naevium × O. schillerianum) (Colombia)
- Odontoglossum × leeanum Rchb.f. 1882 (O. crocodipterum × O. schillerianum) (Colombia)
- Odontoglossum × limbatum Rchb.f. 1870 (O. nobile × O. lindleyanum) (Colombia)
- Odontoglossum × marriottianum Rchb.f. 1881 (O. crispum × O. hallii) (Colombia)
- Odontoglossum × mulus Rchb.f., 1870 (O. luteopurpureum × O. gloriosum) (Colombia)
- Odontoglossum × murrellianum Rchb.f. 1875 (O. naevium × O. nobile) (Colombia)
- Odontoglossum × schroederianum Rchb.f. 1882 (O. nobile × O. tripudians) (Colombia)
- Odontoglossum × stellimicans Rchb.f. 1884 (O. lindleyanum × O. tripudians) (Colombia)
- Odontoglossum × wilckeanum Rchb.f. 1880 (O. crispum × O. luteopurpureum) (Colombia to Venezuela)
Intergeneric hybrids
Odontoglossum lends itself to the production of many artificial intergeneric hybrids. The hybrids with red pigmentation are nearly all derived from a crossing with the genus Cochlioda and especially with Cochlioda noezliana :
- xAdaglossum : Ada x Odontoglossum
- xAlexanderara : Brassia x Cochlioda x Odontoglossum x Oncidium
- xAndreettara J.M.H.Shaw : Cochlioda x Miltonia x Odontoglossum
- xAspodonia : Aspasia x Miltonia x Odontoglossum
- xBakerara : Brassia x Miltonia x Odontoglossum x Oncidium
- xBaldwinara : Aspasia x Cochlioda x Odontoglossum x Oncidium
- xBanfieldara : Ada x Brassia x Odontoglossum
- xBarbosaara : Cochlioda x Gomesa x Odontoglossum x Oncidium
- xBaumannara : Comparettia x Odontoglossum x Oncidium
- xBeallara : Brassia x Cochlioda x Miltonia x Odontoglossum
- xBiltonara : Ada x Cochlioda x Miltonia x Odontoglossum
- xBlackara : Aspasia x Cochlioda x Miltonia x Odontoglossum
- xBrassia R. Br. 1813 Cochlioda Lindl. 1853 × Miltonia Lindl. 1837 × Odontoglossum Kunth 1816
- xBrillandeara : Aspasia x Brassia x Cochlioda x Miltonia x Odontoglossum x Oncidium
- xBrummittara : Comparettia x Odontoglossum x Rodriguezia
- xBurkhardtara : Leochilus x Odontoglossum x Oncidium x Rodriguezia
- xBurrageara : Cochlioda x Miltonia x Odontoglossum x Oncidium
- xCambria : Brassia x Cochlioda x Miltonia x Oncidium x Odontoglossum
- xCampbellara : Odontoglossum x Oncidium x Rodriguezia
- xCarpenterara : Baptistonia x Odontoglossum x Oncidium
- xColmanara : Miltonia x Odontoglossum x Oncidium
- xDegarmoara : Brassia x Miltonia x Odontoglossum
- xDerosaara : Odontoglossum x Miltonia x Aspasia x Brassia
- xDoncollinara : Cochlioda x Odontoglossum x Rodriguezia
- xGomoglossum : Gomesa x Odontoglossum
- xGoodaleara : Brassia x Cochlioda x Miltonia x Odontoglossum x Oncidium
- xHamiltonara : Ada x Brassia x Cochlioda x Odontoglossum
- xKriegerara : Ada x Cochlioda x Odontoglossum x Oncidium
- xLagerara : Aspasia x Cochlioda x Odontoglossum
- xMaclellanara : Brassia x Odontoglossum x Oncidium
- xMaunderara : Ada x Cochlioda x Miltonia x Odontoglossum x Oncidium
- xMiltodontrum J.M.H.Shaw 2004 : (Miltonia Lindl. x Odontoglossum Kunth x Trichocentrum Poepp. & Endl.).
- xMorrisonara : Ada x Odontoglossum x Miltonia
- xOdontioda : Odontoglossum x Cochlioda
- xOdontobrassia : Brassia x Odontoglossum
- xOdontocentrum J.M.H.Shaw 2004 : (Odontoglossum Kunth x Trichocentrum Poepp. & Endl.).
- xOdontocidium : Odontoglossum x Oncidium
- xOdontokoa J.M.H.Shaw 2004 : (Odontoglossum Kunth x Zelenkoa M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams).
- xOdontonia : Miltonia x Odontoglossum
- xOdontopilia : Odontoglossum x Trichopilia
- xOdontorettia : Comparettia x Odontoglossum
- xOdontozelencidium J.M.H.Shaw 2004 : (Odontoglossum Kunth x Oncidium Sw. x Zelenkoa M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams).
- xRhyntonossum J.M.H.Shaw 2004 : (Miltonia Lindl. x Odontoglossum Kunth x Rhynchostele Rchb.f.).
- xRichardsonara : Aspasia x Odontoglossum x Oncidium
- xRoccaforteara : Odontoglossum x Aspasia x Brassia x Cochlioda
- xRodriglossum : Odontoglossum x Rodriguezia
- xRuppara : Gomesa x Odontoglossum x Oncidium
- xSanderara : Brassia x Cochlioda x Odontoglossum
- xSchafferara : Aspasia x Brassia x Cochlioda x Miltonia x Odontoglossum
- xSegerara : Aspasia x Cochlioda x Miltonia x Oncidium x Odontoglossum
- xShiveara : Aspasia x Brassia x Odontoglossum x Oncidium
- xStewartara : Ada x Cochlioda x Odontoglossum
- xVanalstyneara : Miltonia x Odontoglossum x Oncidium x Rodriguezia
- xVuylstekeara : Cochlioda x Miltonia x Odontoglossum
- xWatsonara J.M.H.Shaw 2004 : (Brassia R.Br. x Odontoglossum Kunth x Oncidium Sw. x Trichocentrum Poepp. & Endl.)
- xWilsonara : Cochlioda x Odontoglossum x Oncidium
- xWingfieldara : Aspasia x Brassia x Odontoglossum
- xWithnerara : Aspasia x Miltonia x Odontoglossum x Oncidium
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